Ans1A Essay - 1015 Words

Microeconomics: Week 1 Review Questions 1) Suppose that the wages of young high school graduates fell. In what sense has the true â€Å"cost† of a college education been changed by this development. Other things equal, if wages of young high school graduates decline, the potential alternative use of time spent studying in higher education†¦namely, working with only a high school education†¦has relatively less value. Therefore, the opportunity cost of student study time measured in foregone wages is lower. Assuming no change in the explicit costs of higher education (tuition, fees books), the opportunity cost decline has reduced the overall cost of higher education. 2)Suppose that a real estate developer buys a parcel of land for 3†¦show more content†¦The magnitude of this opportunity cost depends on the difference between the rate of return that could be earned on these funds if they were invested in other assets and the rate of return that the checking account pays. For different investors with different attitudes towards risk, the alternative investments undertaken with their $2000 and the rates of return expected on those investments might differ. The opportunity cost of this minimum balance requirement for very risk averse investors is not as great as for those with greater risk tolerance, since very low risk investments have a lower rate of return than assets exposed to market risk. 4)Several years ago most major countries signed an agreement to phase out the manufacture of Chlorofluorocarbons (which were extensively used in the production of insulation panels in refrigerators and air-conditioners). How is the opportunity cost of this ban affected by the availability and cost of substitutes for Chlorofluorocarbons? We will still need insulation for refrigerators, air conditioners and the like. But the ban will force manufacturers to switch to substitute materials and processes that utilize more human and material resources than were utilized in the production of CFCs. The additional resources which must be used in producing insulation after the ban reduce the resources available for use in other goods and services. These foregone otherShow MoreRelatedCompensation Management9389 Words   |  38 PagesCompensation Management Q1.a. What is the role of compensation and rewards in modern organization? What arethe advantages of a fair compensation system? Ans1a. Role of Compensation and Reward in Organization: Compensation and Reward system plays vital role in a business organization. Since, among four Ms, i.e Men, Material, Machine and Money, Men has been most important factor, it is impossible to imagine a business process without Men. Land, Labor, Capital and Organization are four major factors

Pro Legalization of Prostitution Essay - 1151 Words

Pro Legalization of Prostitution The world’s largest trade, prostitution, has always found ways to overcome the legal attempts to suppress it. Prostitution has become one of the most common trades throughout the world. Many poor countries have turned to prostitution as an outlet from their economic difficulties. It is the easiest from of labor for those who do not have a proper education or the economic background to join the legal labor force. Many men and women have found this line of work to be extremely rewarding in monetary aspects. Therefore the globalisation and popularity of prostitution is not seen as a huge surprise. Prostitution has been on the streets and behind doors since the sixteenth†¦show more content†¦The Victorians tolerated prostitution, but never accepted it as part of their society. By the mid-nineteenth century, prostitution became more open and accepted. Men of all social classes went to brothels and engaged in sexual activities with street prostitutes. The government became lenient in their resistant to strengthening the laws against prostitutes. Regulation or systematic toleration was put into place as a result of the changing attitudes towards prostitution. The government realized that prostitution could never completely disappear, so it was tolerated and regulated simultaneously. Street prostitution is the largest group of prostitution today. It is the easiest to join because there are not many necessities or requirements involved. Three major groups of street prostitution exist. Professionals who work full time for a living, the ones who work to feed a habit, and the part-time workers who work to support their family The professionals join this line of work through their own volition and make a long life career out of it. Many of them are sex crazed and therefore choose to become prostitutes. The prostitutes that work to feed a habit, usually work to get money for drugs and alcohol. Intravenous drugs has become linked with prostitution in the past few years. The criminalization of prostitution has forced it into the streets where drugs and alcohol are abundantly present. TheShow MoreRelatedProstitution: Should A Change Be Made? Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesProstitution: Should A Change Be Made? Prostitution is often called the world’s oldest profession. By definition, it is â€Å"the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment.† It has been around since the first civilizations of Mesopotamia and isn’t going anywhere. Prostitution is also one of the most controversial topics in todays modern society. There is a wide variety of different pros and cons related to this subject. With these pros and cons come supporters andRead MoreWhat is Prostitution?1838 Words   |  7 Pages According to the 2014 Merriam-Webster dictionary, prostitution is defined as â€Å"the act of having sex in exchange for money† (â€Å"Prostitution†). In the United States, the trafficking of sex sales has been illegal since the early 1900’s, with the exception of the 49th state, Alaska (Head). The trade was deemed unethical by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, also credited with the ban of drug use and the elimina tion of alcohol in the 1920’s. Today, in all but two states, the buying and selling ofRead MoreEssay on Legalization of Prostitution1607 Words   |  7 PagesThough illegal in the United States, prostitution is still a strongly prevalent crime happening all across the nation. Currently, a person participating in the crime of prostitution will be charged with a misdemeanor (Liberator 2). People every single day are being charged with a misdemeanor for this specific crime. Statistically, it may even seem like this crime is being caught more often than other, more extreme crimes. Prostitution is a strongly enforced crime that costs America large sums ofRead MoreThe Legalization Of The Prostitution1040 Words   |  5 Pages Prostitution has long been called the world’s most ancient profession. Many records proof that people used sex selling as a sort of payoff. Whenever the settlers were running around killing the natives, they were also enjoying the pleasures of regional prostitutes. Appolodprus, a Greek philosopher and historian declared For we have courtesans for pleasure, and concubines for the daily service of our bodies, and wives for the production of legitimate offspring and to have a reliable guardianRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legal?1150 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the chance to pick an arguable topic arose I chose one that has been particularly sensitive within my own group of friends. The question is: Should prostitution be legal? My question is: Why shouldn’t it? By all means I respect the opinion that having sex for money is completely illegal in most states but what about stripping? Stripping is completely legal and paid for lap dances aren’t the only advancemen t allowed. Strippers are allowed to receive payment to have sexual encounters within theRead MoreProstitution And Its Effect On Public Health Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesProstitution is defined as â€Å"the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment.† It is commonly referred to in the media and among society as the â€Å"oldest profession in the book†. This is easily explained by the ancient references that are present in religious tales of the Old Testament in the bible to modern day â€Å"red light districts† across the United States. Prostitution and its legality have always stirred up a mixture of emotions across countries, cultures andRead MoreProstitution in America1528 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In the United States prostitution for the most part is illegal. Around the world though is practically the opposite. Why is prostitution so unacceptable in the US? The US is one of the few countries in the world where prostitution is illegal. When I say for the most part I mean that in some counties in Nevada prostitution is legal. Downfalls of Legal Prostitution Prostitution is legal (with some restrictions) in Canada, most all of Europe including England, France, WalesRead MoreProstitution Essay1724 Words   |  7 Pages Prostitution has been a part of our worlds culture since the beginning of time, and is the worlds oldest profession. Ever since the beginning of time man has felt the need to pay for services of a sexual nature, whether are legal or not. In our culture; however, prostitution has become a topic of debate concerning the merits of this professions legality. In viewing the legalization of prostitution one must take into account all the pros and cons of the situation, but more importantly what isRead MoreThe Legal And Social Implications Of Prostitution1039 Words   |  5 PagesThe legal and social implications of prostitution have been a topic of much concern over the past few decades. Although the issue has been heavily debated, a proper answer to its legalization or criminalization has not yet been defined in many cou ntries throughout the world. While some view that â€Å"sex work† is a justifiable occupation that should be protected under human rights, others argue that it’s legalization would do more harm than good. According to the Health and Human Rights Journal (2014)Read MorePro-Prostitution (The Advantages of Prostitution)1469 Words   |  6 PagesProstitution is the act or practice of engaging in sexual activities in the exchange of money (Dictionary.com). Prostitution is believed by many to be the world?s oldest profession with its roots tracing back to ancient times (Otchet). It is a common belief that prostitutes are only women, but the truth is that prostitutes are predominantly of the female gender. In today?s modern society prostitutes are frowned upon by society because they see it as being on the same category as drug addiction and

Abnormal Psychology Therapist Gender and Severity of Illness

Question: Discuss about theAbnormal Psychologyfor Therapist Gender and Severity of Illness. Answer: Introduction The Study will examine whether the gender of the Therapist and the Severity of the Illness influences the effectiveness of Humanistic Psychotherapy provided to patients with Abnormal Psychology. Data will be collected from Mental Health Institutes regarding the severity of disorder a patient is suffering from and the gender of the patients.60-100 patients of the age group 18-60 years who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included for the study. Effectiveness of humanistic Psychotherapy will be measured by recovery progress of the patients and any significant correlation between the two concerned parameters will be measured. The effectiveness of the psychotherapy can be measured by interviewing the patients regarding therapy experiences and their perception of benefits from the therapeutics process. Process type strategies will be utilised for quality assessment of the concerned psychotherapy. Provider and consumers are surveyed in this process and medical records are obtained. Th is study can infer about any difference in effectiveness due to the gender of the Therapist and severity of the Illness, which can help provide a more person-centred care by evaluating the personal needs of the patient. Psychotherapy has been widely practised for patients with Abnormal Psychology or Mental health disorders. This therapeutic approach is mostly utilised for patients with depression, anxiety disorders, stress disorders, personality disorders, history of drug abuse so on and so forth. Various types of psychotherapies are found to be effective. Cognitive Psychotherapy, Behavioural Psychotherapy and Humanistic Psychotherapy are most widespread among the psychotherapy techniques (Sue Zane, 2009, August). Studies show that gender of the therapist can and does effect psychotherapy provided to a patient; although the effects are complex and sex-bias is not a justified term in this regard (Barker Pistrang, 2015). Structured physiological therapies have proved to be beneficial for Patients with severe and recurrent bipolar disorders (Scott et al., 2006). Previously the role of gender on group-cognitive behavioural treatment has been studied (Watson Nathan, 2008).Humanistic Therapy offers a h olistic and humanistic approach for providing intervention to patients (Schneider, 2015). It focuses on the fact that human beings are capable of taking control of their own lives. Humanistic Therapy is increasingly common in the field of Psychology as it can help a patient understand his/her own self. They can achieve a perception about their believes and feelings and even reach self-actualization through Humanistic Psychotherapy (Patterson Joseph, 2007).Humanistic Psychotherapy is client/person cantered, constructive, and emotion-focused and focusing oriented. Meta analyses show that patients who are provided with therapies, which follow humanistic psychological standards, have significantly high post therapy gains and on average experience considerable change over time compared to the patients who did not receive such treatments (Elliott, 2002).Empathy of therapists is considered to be the key factor for effective humanistic therapies in most studies. Effectiveness of various th erapies on severe mental disorders has been studied previously (Leichsenring Leibing, 2007). Few studies have been conducted regarding the issues of Humanistic Psychotherapies compared to other modes of therapeutic interventions. Gender factors and severity illness have been addressed in several studies in concern with cognitive and behavioural studies. Hence, the scopes of previous studies have been limited by the selection of the specific study and the dependent variables chosen. Aims and Hypotheses Studies have shown thatthe effectiveness of psychotherapies depend on several factors that include characteristics and behaviour of therapist, cooperation of family and even external life events. Several techniques are prevalent; each sufficing the patient centred specific requirements. This study focuses specifically on Humanistic Psychotherapy and how its effectiveness is related to the gender of the provider and the severity of the disorder of the receiver. It is hypothesized that the gender of the therapist will have negative influence on the outcomes experienced by a patient undergoing Humanistic Psychotherapy. It is also hypothesized that the severity of the mental health disorder suffered by the patient has direct association with Humanistic Psychotherapy. Method Participants Participation of around 60-100 patients are desired for the purpose of this study. The participants will be chosen based on certain inclusion criteria. Patients suffering from anxiety, depression and stress of varying severity will be chosen who have been under Humanistic Psychotherapeutic interventions for at least six months. The efficacy of the therapy will be evaluated by interviewing the patients regarding the same and by recording medical records from the hospital databank. The selected group must age between 18-60 years of age. Participants will be selected from various certified health care institutions of Australia. Demographic information and socioeconomic status of the patient needs to be collected to standardize the effectiveness outcomes. A near even distribution of male and female therapist is desirable. Prior permissions were obtained from the target group and the concerned organizations to avoid ethical issues. Design The independent variable of therapist gender and severity of the disorder will be recorded from relevant data collected from the medical reports of the patients and the personal details of the therapists. This will be a quasi-experimental study design. Participates will be asked to report their self-experience throughout the period of the study. Materials Questionnaires will be used to get the desired information about the effectiveness of the therapy from the patients (Shedler, 2012). Question will be framed to gain information regarding patient experience, the feeling of comfort he/she experiences and the connected and security with the therapist. Progress in mental health as reported by the therapist and from various medical parameters will also be collected. The independent variable of therapist gender can easily be obtained from the personal details of the therapists. The other independent variable of severity of illness can be obtained from the records of case history of the patients. Procedure With required permission from the institution authority, the study participants and the therapists, information about the gender of the therapists and the severity of illness of the patients will be collected. The purpose and significance of the study will clearly be explained to the patients and their families. The patients will be asked to share their experience regarding empathy of the therapist towards the patient and relatedness he/she feels with the therapist. They will be asked about how capable the therapist is in terms of comprehending the seriousness of the issues suffered by the patient. The patients were also asked to comment about the compassion of the therapist. Results The response from the questionnaires will be evaluated by the standard scaling methods. Measures from patients regarding the various parameters that determine the efficacy of the Humanistic Therapy will be estimated from the reports of the interviews and questionnaires. The independent variables, gender of the therapist and the severity of the illness as obtained from the mentioned methods were then related to the dependent variable of Therapy efficacy. If the proposed hypothesis is proved true, discrepancies in the effectiveness of the psychotherapy will be observed in case of male and female therapists as well as the level of severity of the disorder. It is expected that the questions will provide clear inconsistency regarding the perception of patients on therapist gender. It is also expected that with increase in the degree of disorder severity the effectiveness of therapy will shoe a negative relationship. If no significant association is found between the dependent and independent variables of the study, it can be concluded that no inconsistency is prevalent in terms of therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, the hypothesis that therapist gender and severity of the disorder are determining factors of humanistic therapy for mental health disorder patients will be discarded. Further studies are required to ensure the validity of the study results. Discussion Previous researches have studied the matching of clients and therapists in terms of gender and evaluated if outcomes of therapies have any direct relationship with such parameters (Bhati, 2014). Results have showed that there is a female-effect across all stages of therapy. Female therapists have a greater influence both male and female clients in terms of therapeutic outcomes (Blow, Timm Cox, 2008). Psychotherapy has been proved more effective than pharmacological intervention in patients with Serious Mental Illness like Anxiety disorders, Severe depression and Stress disorders (Wampold et al., 2005). Significant difference in outcomes may be due to several personal attributes of the therapist. His/her understanding of several psychological illnesses and critical thinking regarding person-centred care can be the determining factors for the results that will be obtained. No significant difference may be observed if the therapist has unambiguous understanding of the requirements of the patients and ample experience (Kim, Wampold Bolt, 2006) in how to make patients with critical psychological needs feel comfortable and secure about sharing their personal problems. The proposed study has some limitations. The variables are not under control the researcher to be manipulated. The study design is quasi-experimental and no control group will be evaluated for comparison with the therapeutic intervention group. If the study successfully provides any significant relation between the dependent and independent variables, it can be applied in daily life practice to gain beneficial outcomes for the patient and help improve the process of mental health recovery. However, further research focusing on humanistic psychotherapies and the factors that influence the same needs to be studied in the future. Long-term observations of therapeutic interventions are required to provide valid adequate inferences regarding the topic of interest. References Baldwin, S. A., Wampold, B. E., Imel, Z. E. (2007). Untangling the alliance-outcome correlation: Exploring the relative importance of therapist and patient variability in the alliance. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 75(6), 842. Barker, C., Pistrang, N. (2015).Research methods in clinical psychology: An introduction for students and practitioners. John Wiley Sons. Bhati, K. S. (2014). Effect of client-therapist gender match on the therapeutic relationship: an exploratory analysis. Psychological reports, 115(2). Blow, A. J., Timm, T. M., Cox, R. (2008). The role of the therapist in therapeutic change: does therapist gender matter?. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 20(1), 66-86. Elliott, R. (2002). The effectiveness of humanistic therapies: A meta-analysis. Kim, D. M., Wampold, B. E., Bolt, D. M. (2006). Therapist effects in psychotherapy: A random-effects modelling of the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program data. Psychotherapy Research, 16(02), 161-172. Leichsenring, F., Leibing, E. (2007). Psychodynamic psychotherapy: a systematic review of techniques, indications and empirical evidence. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 80(2), 217-228. Patterson, T. G., Joseph, S. (2007). Person-cantered personality theory: Support from self-determination theory and positive psychology. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 47(1), 117-139. Schneider, K. J. (2015). ExistentialHumanistic Psychotherapy. The Professional Counselor's Desk Reference, 201. Scott, J. A. N., Paykel, E., Morriss, R., Bentall, R., Kinderman, P., Johnson, T., ... Hayhurst, H. (2006). Cognitivebehavioural therapy for severe and recurrent bipolar disorders. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 188(4), 313-320. Shedler, J. (2012). The efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy. In Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Research (pp. 9-25). Humana Press. Sue, S., Zane, N. (2009, August). The role of culture and cultural techniques in psychotherapy: A critique and reformulation. In Asian American Psychological Association Convention, Aug, 1985, Los Angeles, CA, US; The first author presented an earlier version of this article as an invited address at the aforementioned conference. (No. 1, p. 3). Educational Publishing Foundation. Wampold, B. E., Minami, T., Tierney, S. C., Baskin, T. W., Bhati, K. S. (2005). The placebo is powerful: estimating placebo effects in medicine and psychotherapy from randomized clinical trials. Journal of clinical psychology, 61(7), 835-854. Watson, H. J., Nathan, P. R. (2008). Role of gender in depressive disorder outcome for individual and group cognitivebehavioral treatment. Journal of clinical psychology, 64(12), 1323-1337.

Investigation into Enthalpy of Neutralisation Essay Example

Investigation into Enthalpy of Neutralisation Essay The aim of this investigation is to show that heat of neutralisation is an exothermic reaction which produces water. The amount of energy given out for one mole of water is about -57.3 kJ/mol. This needs to proven by this experiment as well.ResultsStage OneThese are the results I gained from the titration.Titrant (HCl)Rough12Initial (cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½)121022Final (cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½)22.520.732Titre (cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½)10.510.710Stage TwoThe results gained are as follows:Time (s)Temp for expt.1 (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C)Temp for expt.2 (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C)Average temp (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C)0161616518.21818.101025.124.9251528.527.828.152029.428.929.153029.529.129.34029.529.129.35029.529.129.36029.529.129.37029.529.129.38029.529.129.39029.529.129.310029.529.129.312029.229.129.1514029.028.928.9516028.628.228.418027.927.727.820026.826.926.8522026.126.326.224025.525.725.6Calculations for Stage OneConcentration of NaOHMoles = MassMolar massMoles = 8g(23+16+1) = 40= 0.2Therefore concentration of NaOH is 0.2 mol/dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½.Concentration of diluted bench HClMoles of NaOH in 10cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ = V à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ C = 10 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.2 = 0.002 moles1000 1000Equation NaOH + HCl à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ NaCl + H2OMoles 1 1Vol/cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 10 10.4 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ This figure is the average titre gained from Stage One.Conc. g/dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 8 xFrom the equation 1 mole of NaOH reacts with 1 mole of HCl to give 1 mole of NaCl and H2O. However, there are only 0.002 moles of NaOH and therefore there must be 0.002 moles of HCl. The concentration of HCl can be worked out the following equation.Concentration = Moles à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1000 = 0.002 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1000 = 0.19 mol/dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Volume 10.4Concentration of the bench HClThe dilute bench HCl is diluted by a factor of ten and its concentration was found to be 0.19mol/dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. The bench HCl should be ten times more concentrated.Bench HCl (dilute) = 0.19 mol/dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Bench HCl = 0.19 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 10 = 1.9 mol/dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Therefore bench HCl has a concentration of 1.9 mol/dmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½.Calculations for Stage TwoIn this stage the heat of neutralisation needs to be worked. Firstly, a graph needs to be plotted with the results from stage two in order to work out the maximum temperature rise. Refer to graph 1.Heat of NeutralisationHeat of neutralisation for this experiment can be represented by the following ionic equation:H3O+ (aq) + OH- (aq) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 2H2O (l) (Na+ (aq) and Cl- (aq) are spectator ions)The equation for heat of neutralisation is as follows:Q = M à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ SHC à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ ?TFor this experiment an assumption is made that the specific heat capacities of NaOH (aq) and HCl (aq) are the same as that of water, which is 4.2 J/g à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C.The temperature of NaOH and HCl was 16à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C at room temperature. When HCl was added neutralisation took place this is an exothermic reaction which produced a maximum temperature of 29.3à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C (which is shown on graph 1).Heat of neutralisation is worked out by adding the heat rece ived by the solution to the heat received by the polystyrene cup. To simplify the calculations I am assuming that polystyrene is an insulator and it only takes a very small amount of the heat of neutralisation.Calculations to work out heat of neutralisationHeat from neutralisation = Heat received by waterQ = M à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ SHC à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ ?TQ = 20 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 4.2 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 13.3Q = 1111.88 J/moleQ = 1.11 kJ/moleThe moles of water formed is 0.02 which can be worked out by referring to the word equation. For stage two the bench acid was used. It was worked out that 10cm3 of NaOH consists of 0.002 moles for the diluted bench HCl (this is diluted by a factor of ten). Therefore the bench acid on its own must consist of 0.02 moles. By ratio the equation shows that 0.02 moles of NaOH reacts with 0.02 moles of HCl to form 0.02 moles of water.Therefore the heat of neutralisation per mole= Q = 1117.2 = 55860 = -55.86 kJ/molmoles 0.02EvaluationThe experiment went according to plan and ther e were no anomalous readings in stage two. The aim of the experiment was completed successfully. The heat of neutralisation (exothermic) in my experiment was -55.86 kJ/mol which was very close to the actual reading of -57.3 kJ/mol. My result was within an accuracy of 2.51%. This loss in accuracy may have been due to heat losses through convection, conduction and radiation. This can be minimised by using a vacuum flask which is shown below:The experiment was also simplified because the heat received by the polystyrene beaker was assumed to be negligible. The experiment could have been modified so that the heat received by the polystyrene beaker was also taken account of. This would have produced an accurate result for the heat of neutralisation.In order to investigate this experiment further I would try different acids (sulphuric acid) and alkalis (sodium chloride) in order to prove that heat of neutralisation works for any strong acid or alkali.

Marijuana1 essays

Marijuana1 essays Drugs are a major influential force in our country today. The problem has gotten so out of hand that many options are being considered to control it or even solve it. Ending the drug war seems to be a bit impossible. The war on drugs seems to be accomplishing a lot but this is not true. Different options need to be considered. Legalization is an option that hasn't gotten a chance but should be given one. Although many people feel that legalizing marijuana would increase the amount of use, marijuana should be legalized because it will reduce the great amounts of money spent on enforcement and it will increase our country's revenue. There are also many benefits that can be uncovered to help people if legalization of marijuana is given a chance. Legalizing marijuana would increase our economy's revenue. During Prohibition alcohol use was still sold and used, but people were doing it illegally. The 21st amendment repealed prohibition and alcohol taxes were increased. The same thing should happen with drugs. Marijuana should be taxed heavily to increase our revenue. Marijuana and other drugs would be made by the same people who make aspirin so the quality would be assured, containing no poisons or adulterants. Sterile hypodermic needles will be readily available at corner drug stores. These could be taxed heavily because the users will be assured of "clean drugs." Making drugs legal will reduce the great amounts of money spent on enforcement every year. Drug dealers and users are one step ahead on the enforcement process. If one drug lord is caught, another one will show up somewhere else. We cannot win. "In 1987, 10 billion dollars were spent alone just on enforcing drug laws. Drugs accounted for about 40 percent of all felony indictments in the New York City courts in 1989. This figure is quadruple what it was in 1985. . Forty percent of the people in federal prison are drug law violators" (Long...

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PAPER WRITERS We are proud to present another type of academic writing book report essay. Our professional writers are able to perform almost any type of book review or book report essay upon your personal request. Our paper writers will perform a high quality academic writing that is 100% plagiarism free. Your paper will be delivered on time. From poetry to fiction writing, our paper writers are able to handle it efficiently. If you have already written your book report essay but still need a review or editing, we will perform this type of service for you too.   Your book report essay must have these paper elements. Identify the facts of the original storyline. Talk in depth about the characters of the book, give thorough and comprehensive description. Observe them through the story. Discuss the story plot, explain the settings include time and place. Concentrate on the relationships and main characters’ personal attitudes to each other. Define what led to the existing relationships. Discuss main story’s conflict, avoid adding personal opinion. Investigate the books topic and affirm to theme-oriented style. PAPER WRITERS Oftentimes, our writers are required to do really advanced and complicated assignments. While other companies may not agree for these types of academic assignments, we make sure the order is done on the highest level possible. Being on the writing for quite a while, we have gathered very smart team of paper writers who are able to deliver almost any type of papers’ complexity. One of these complex works is an interview essay. The initial interview must be conducted exclusively by the author of the paper. The first and the most important step in an interview essay is the well thought out questions. Keep in mind that the whole essay is going to be based on those answers. Many students are aware that it takes time to learn how to write the essay and strictly follow the original essay format. When you do realize you need additional help from the writing expert all you have to do is to place the order online and discuss details of your writing with professional customer service representative who will ensure the on-time essay delivery.

Human Resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Resource management - Essay Example In this era of globalization and organizational integration, adopting selective hiring strategies is necessary to achieve a huge competitive advantage over rivals. The employees are expected to contribute to extensive product development and process cycles, in which human resource plays a cardinal role for success (Bergwerk, 1988; Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). A constrained labour market in some economies creates a pressure on HR professionals to recruit the most-efficient task-force. Time becomes a challenging factor in establishing a sound and efficient internal recruitment system (Beaumont and Hunter, 1992; Hallier, 2001; Henderson, 2011; Beaumont and Hunter, 1992). Nowadays, demographic shifts across different economies are creating problems of getting the efficient labour force and the recruiting appropriate manpower. The problems of attrition and displacement of workforce happen almost every year. This leads to a high turn-over and shortage of talented candidates, to be retained for a long time in companies. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the recruitment and selection practices utilized in a heavy manufacturing sector of the UK. Knowing the good staffing practices by the HR department in an organization, it is necessary to procure employees with good academic record, knowledge, skills and attitude (Belbin, 1981; Bergwerk, 1988; Cook, 2009). This approach results in higher productivity from even newer employees in an organization. Therefore, knowing about the recruitment and staffing practices, particularly for a manufacturing sector, should be used as a frequent practice in organizations (Beaumont and Hunter, 1992; Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). This paper therefore begins with trends in the high value manufacturing labour market of the UK and moves ahead to identify the gaps in the system. On the basis of the case analysis of a heavy diesel equipment manufacturing company in UK, Cummis, this

Intellectual property right Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intellectual property right - Assignment Example To a certain extent, it prevents the plethora of similar products. It helps an organization to remain unique in its own products. This paper discusses the necessity of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and how it provides good protection for traditional knowledge as well as patents. The Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is an international agreement, administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO). It annotates minimum standards and guidelines for the various forms of intellectual property (IP) regulations, for nations who are signatories of the WTO. TRIPS came into existence in 1994, through the negotiations in the final stages of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), guaranteeing protection for many things. When the Uruguay Round concluded and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) was put into force in 1994 many believed that it is a step towards reaching a global solution for many product violation cases. (Alsegard 2004). Trips recommends all its signatory nations to follow and bring into effect the laws protecting intellectual property of various organizations, countries or individuals. The signatories consist of 153 countries, which represent s close to 95% of total world trade. These countries can be assured of, if or when they implement TRIPs, will be the avoidance of the economic and trade sanctions which industrialised countries would be entitled to impose under the terms of GATT. (McGrath 1996). There are certain standards which the nations laws should meet with regards to IP rights including: copyright rights, like the rights of performers including music artists, films, geographical indications, trademarks, etc, etc. These standards are stipulated by the TRIPS. Hence the WTO’s TRIPS agreement aims to facilitate the protection of rights in a more efficient way and so that it can be

Jury Trial Essay Example for Free

Jury Trial Essay On June 19, 1994 O.J Simpson the football hall of famer was arrested in California for the murders of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman. Simpson was arraigned in court two day later he pleaded not guilty to the charges and was held in the Los Angeles County jail. Jury selection began in October and the jury was sworn in on November 2, 1994. Mr. Simpson did have a jury of his peers, because the jury was twelve jurors some African American and white. The jurors were picked through the voir dire process. With each juror understanding that they could not have any personal bias pertaining to the case. A series of question were asked to the jurors to determine if the potential jurors had exposure to the context of the case. In the pretrial hear the credibility of evidence from detective Mark Fuhrman would be admitted at trial. Prosecutors said that they thought Mr. Simpson dropped the glove as he tried to quickly return to his home after committing the murders. Opening Statements In the opening statements the defense and the prosecution has the opportunity to present their case to the jury. Throughout the opening statements persuasive arguments are announced. During the opening statement evidence is never allowed. Judge Lance A. Ito presided over the case and on January 24, 1995. Before things got going, Judge Ito ruled that Simpson would not be heard by the jury until the defense gives the opening statements. The defense opening statements were lead by attorney Johnnie Cochran when said my client Mr. Simpson is innocent and wrongfully accused. Witness Testimony Eye witness an expert testimony helps reveal specific truths and accuracy in evidence. The Court bailiff will swear all witnesses to tell the truth and nothing but the truth. Normally the prosecution questions their own witnesses to strengthen their side of the case. The defense then has the chance to cross examine. All evidence will be logged a numbered whether scientific or physical. The defense attorney and the prosecutor have the right to object to any evidence or testimony provided. There is no guarantee that the evidence will be stricken by the judge. Kato Kaelin, which was O.J Simsons friend that lived on Mr. Simpson’s property. Detective Mark Furhman was for the prosecution who had lied on the witness stand during questioning. Furhmans testimony could not be trusted by the jury. Closing Arguments After all the evidence and testimony is heard this step of the trial is called rest. Next the court case proceeds to closing arguments. This is the last time both side will be able to address the jury before deliberation. The closing arguments are very similar to the opening statements. Both sides try to convince the jury to decide in their favor. Both sides present a summary of key points that favor their client. At this point the defense team only needs to convince the jury that prosecution did not prove the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt (2012). Jury Instructions After the closing arguments are complete the jury is charged by the judge with instructions. The judge explains that the jurors’ decision should not be made because of bias feelings or personal beliefs but that decisions based on the law and evidence during the case. The judge specifies specific details that the jury needs to find the defendant guilty. Deliberation During the deliberation the jury is held together as a group until a verdict is made. Deliberation can take hours, days even weeks to come up with a verdict. If the jury can’t come to a verdict it is called mistrial in most states. On October 3, 1995 at 10 am a verdict of not guilty for the murders of Nicole Brown and Ron Goldman was rendered by jurors. A man was set free with most of the world thinking he committed the murdered.

The Wife The Taming of the Shrew and Today :: Taming Shrew Essays

The Wife The Taming of the Shrew and Today Today many wives always want to have same position with their husband. So that they always have conflict with each other. Why they always have conflict? Actually, it is effected by wife who changes the traditional role. As I remembered that wife and husband lived together very well in sixteenth century. They didn't have any conflict. Many wives would obey their husband when their husband order them to do everything. What different image of the wife between sixteenth centuries and today? We can divide three different images to explain in the Shakespeare's play " The Taming of the shrew" and two articles for ' Japanese women no longer resigned to traditional roles" and " Men, women more confused about roles". The first different image is that many wives liked to live with their husband together in sixteenth centuries. In "The Taming of the shrew", Katherine needed to live in the Petruchio's house. When she pointed out the mistake to her husband, her husband would call her who came back to their home. We can see that the respect of Katherine " Forward, I pray, since we have come so far, and be it moon, or sun, or what you please." 1 In fact, she needed her husband to support her life. If Petruchio didn't support her life, then she couldn't live only herself. Oppositely, many wives have their new style of life today. They don't need their husband to support their life. They can take care themselves. In article "Men, women more confused about roles" , Lillian is an example, " When her marriage ended, she returned to work but would prefer to return full time to mothering." 2 , who doesn't need her husband to support her life. The second different image is that many husbands married their wife just for love in the sixteenth centuries. In " The Taming of the shrew" Lucentio loved Bianca very much, so that he disguised as a teacher who taught her Latin everyday. He wanted to express his love to Bianca. However, many husbands marry their wife not only for love today. Actually, they marry their wife who have

HRM practice in small-medium enterprises (SMEs) Essay

Introduction The article analyzes the way of HRM practice in small-medium enterprises(SMEs) and the reason why it is important element for SMEs. Over the past years, small-medium enterprises play an increasingly significant role in European economy. It is mainly because European countries including UK have large amount of SMEs but with small scale of big enterprises. However, HRM, as an important part of a company, is utilized in tremendous different ways between large and SMEs firms. SMEs are reluctant to use HRM when considering high cost and time. This situation brings a lot of issues. Unfortunately, very few of the research for HRM in SMEs have been published till now(Domingo Ribeiro Soriano,et all,2011) .For example, according to the US academic journals from 1988 to 1998, more than 207 papers had been written about HR recruiting ,etc. However, just 7 of the articles mentioned about SMEs in Journal of Applied Psychology, Academic of Management Review and Personnel Psychology;. For these reas ons,it is important to investigate the study of HRM in SMEs. Negative and positive arguments about HRM practice in SMEs Large amount of Debates about the efficiency of HRM in SMEs are illustrated in the earlier studies. Small business see few advantages of HRM when comparing to the large firms(Akroyd1995,adapted by Cassell.C et all,2002 ).Especially in the training ,Storey and Westhead described that the employees in the SMEs have few chances to get involved in structured training. (1997,adapted by Cassell.C et all, 2002) .After conducting several cases, Holiday also mentioned that training is not utilized well in SMEs(1995,adapted by Cassell.C et all, 2002). Cassell.C, et all(2002)did both interviews and telephone survey to a number of SMEs, and conclude that HRM practices especially selection and training process are transferring to other department in informal ways. They also found that 53% of SMEs that they investigated in recruited their employees via relatives or friend’s recommendation. It means HRM is not very formal in SMEs. In another word, HRM in SMEs are full of different issues. Bu t according to the following  study HRM indeed bring some benefit to companies. In1995 Leicestershire, and Storey (adapted by Cassell.C et all, 2002)did a study which comparing the difference between traditional HRM and new practices among the large and small companies. The result of 15 cases implied that although the initiative of every employee in large companies has more opportunities to be enabled, it is more sustainable process in small-medium firms. In my opinion, SMEs might be developing better when they employ formal HRM practices. For example, during the study of HRM of SMEs,Williamson, Cable, &Aldrich, (2002,adapted by Patel, C. P, et all, 2010) found that that SMEs can be more competitive and legitimated with formal HRM activities since it helps firms attract more high quality employees. HRM can also create harmonious group culture, highlighting the relationship between employers and companies. (Cameron & Quinn, 1999,adapted by PATEL, C.2010). Data analyze In order to explore whether it is beneficial for companies when they use formal HRM practices, I conclude the research which was done by PATEL, C. P et all(2010).They did a research to discover the relationship between HRM and company productivity. In this study, high group culture means that a strong team works and effective working environment, which is usually created by strong HRM.) That it surveyed 145 firms and 6 industries including different size of firms. The correlation can be described by the following charts.Chart1 suggests: under high group culture, companies increase the use of HRM when market competition increase; Product market competition (chart 1,adapted by PATEL,C.P,andS. CARDON,S.M ) HRM intensity (chart 2, adapted by PATEL, C. P,and S. CARDON,S.M ) Under high group culture, Chart2 indicated that HRM intensity can enhance the labor productivity To sum up, when the market is in the growing competition, HRM can boost the labor productivity. It also implied that the firms should keep the high group culture environment in order to keep the effectiveness of HRM. High group culture is from strong HRM practices. In my opinion from the data analyze, when HRM is utilized in SMEs in formal ways ,it might bring significant benefit to company. As Walsh and  Whites (1981) point out same idea as well. They suggest that same regulation of HRM should be utilized among those companies but small scale in SMEs. Author opinion As far as my consideration, HRM is a very important part for SMEs. The reason can be explained by following aspects. Firstly, Many SMEs firms in UK have informal HRM activities rather than totally absence (Culley et all, 1998, adapted by Cassell.C, et all, 2002).However, the way SMEs conduct these kind of practice reduce its’ actual benefit. For example, if recruiting and training procedure are not completed by the HR, other department need to expense time and cost to implement those processes. Consequently, it divides the cost of HR department into other team. In fact, it increases the cost of companies in long term prospective. Therefore, SMEs may increase benefit if they employ formal HRM practices from long prospective. Secondly,According to the charts (1&2), HRM has vital influence on labor productivity when fierce competition appears. On one hand, HRM is important element when company goes through high level of competitive market. SMEs must employ HRM if they want to survive in long term .On the other hand, strong group culture which is built by HR department can reinforce HRM to effect labor productivity (PATEL, C. P,and S. CARDON,S.M,2010).As a consequence , HRM should be develop in correct way so that the company can built adequate group culture, thereby enhance the labor productivity especially in competitive market. Thirdly, it is important to look at the economy situation in UK. UK holds a large amount of SMEs with small scale of large company. It suggests that economic contribution of SMEs play important role in the country. From general perspective, when well-establishing and formal HRM is employed by SMEs, it will have big effect on the GDP of UK. As Cassell.C, Nadin.S, Gray.M, Clegg.C concluded in their research in 2002, HRM indeed exist in small business and small multiples. Although the structure of both firms is informal, human resource management brought obvious effective effort to the firm. From this study, we can imply that SMEs will grow stronger if they utilize more formal HRM in long term. Consequently, high level of HRM practice improves the effectiveness of companies. Conclusion My study suggest that HRM practices play very important roles in SMEs not only because it can create group culture and enhance the effectiveness of the group development, but also can protect firms from fierce competition. Moreover, HRM can increase the benefit of companies in long terms. But there is also some problem of HRM practices. Due to a lack of experience and information, majority of SMEs have no energy to take formal HRM. Whether this situation can be solved still need further study in UK. It depends on the companies themselves. Although I argued that SMEs should emphasize HRM practices in long term development, a lot of SMEs pursue short-time benefit and they may not consider HRM benefit. The research about how do the companies increase the use of formal HRM but not reduce the short-term benefit is needed to be discovering in the future. Hence, the different situations decide whether small-medium companies employ formal HRM. Reference Cassell.C, Nadin.S, Gray.M,Clegg.C,(2002):Exploring human resource management practices in small and medium sized enterprises, Personnel Review,Vol.31 No.6,pp:671-692 Domingo Ribeiro Soriano*and Ma. à ngeles Montoro†Sà ¡nchez,(2011)â€Å"Introduction: Contributions of Human Resource Management to the Challenges faced by Small† and Medium†Sized Enterprises in the Global Environment†, Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, Vol.28: P119–121 PATEL, C. P,and S. CARDON,S.M,2010, â€Å"Adopting HRM Practices And Their Effectiveness In Small Firms Facing Product Market Competition†, Human Resource Management, March–April 2010, Vol. 49, No. 2, Pp. 265– 290

Cyp 3.7

CYP 3. 7:Understand how to support positive outcomes for children and young people 1. 1 Describe the social, economic and cultural factors that will impact on the lives of children and young people. There are many factors that can have an impact on young people’s lives but the three main factors that I’ve chosen to consider in this assignment are social, cultural and economic. Social Factors One of the major social factors, which can impact on the outcomes and life chances of young people is neglect.Without proper guidance in life children cannot learn what society regards as acceptable behaviour and if a child is being neglected they won’t understand that what they are experiencing is not normal behaviour. They may react to situations in a way that is acceptable within their home environment but which is certainly not acceptable in wider society. This behaviour can in turn have an adverse effect on the child’s education as they overstep boundaries, are di sruptive and disobedient and may end up getting suspended from school.Neglect in the child’s home environment can mean that they find it hard to make friendships in life as they are not used to other company and are naturally distrustful. If a child suffers from a disability or illness they may have to miss a lot of school, which can have a major impact on their education and they may fall behind. The child may struggle to make friendships, as they are not on the same level as their peers. This can lead the child to feeling very isolated and cause feelings of anger and resentment, which can then lead to behavioural problems.Economic Factors Poverty is a factor, which can have a major impact on children’s lives, as their parents may not be able to afford proper food and this can lead the child to suffer from malnutrition. If a child is not getting the nutrition that they require, they’ll suffer from a lack of concentration and their schoolwork will likely deterio rate. A side effect of poverty is not being able to afford adequate housing. People on low incomes cannot usually afford mortgages and so often live in poorer social housing, this can have several disadvantages for their children.Social housing can often be small and crowded and make it difficult for children to find sufficient space to complete homework, causing them to fall behind in their education. People who rely on social housing don’t often get to chose the area in which they live in so they may end up staying in an area where it is not safe for the children to go out or indeed anywhere for them to play, therefore the children will not be able to form friendships and may feel isolated.In some cases the child’s living conditions may be very poor and dampness and a lack of affordable heating may cause health problems such as asthma, resulting in them having to take time off school and missing out on their education. Cultural Factors One of the main cultural factor s is that of religious beliefs. Children with different religious beliefs follow specific customs and often attend particular schools where they only meet children who are being brought up with the same beliefs.This enforced isolation may mean that children may struggle to understand other people’s lifestyle when they interact with them and they may therefore find it hard to make relationships with other people. Children can often be discriminated against because of their different beliefs leading to feelings of isolation and victimisation. Although each of the previously mentioned individual factors may have the same outcomes, without support and intervention their effects can continue over the years and lead families into a vicious cycle of mistrust and despair.As care workers we must work closely with the families to assist and help as best as we can. 1. 2 Explain the importance and impact of poverty on outcomes and life chances for children and young people In my role as a classroom assistant I feel that the factor, which has the most severe impact is poverty. Poverty is becoming one of the biggest concerns within the UK with a recent survey showing that the government spends at least ? 25billion a year trying to alleviate child poverty.The limitations placed on children who grow up in poverty often results in poorer academic qualifications, lower job prospects and reduced expectations. 1. 3 Explain the role of children and young people’s personal choices and experiences on their outcomes and life chances As individuals we all have the right to make our own choices, unfortunately some of the choices we make can have a negative impact on our life. Children who come from low-income families often live in rural areas where there is a higher crime rate.These children subsequently end up hanging around with people who have a negative influence on them and getting involved in criminal activities, drugs and alcohol. Children are making personal choi ces from an early age, when they go to nursery they decide which toys to play with or who they make their friends. Some children can be louder and more boisterous than others and may display unwanted behaviour; other children will copy this behaviour thinking that it is acceptable and become disruptive in turn.As a care worker it is my responsibility to teach the children which behaviours are acceptable and which are not, if the child is being naughty they will be put in â€Å"time out† to teach them that the behaviour they were displaying is unacceptable. 2. 1Identify the positive outcomes for children and young people that practitioners should be striving to achieve As a care practitioner I place the needs of the children at the top of my work. Children respect care workers who can relate to them, communicate well with them and who enjoy working with them.I and the other classroom assistants in my school are committed to ensuring that all children have the chance to enjoy a nd achieve, to be healthy, to stay safe and to make a positive contribution and experience economic well-being. Within school we encourage children to eat healthily, we provide healthy meals and snacks for break and lunch and children are encouraged to drink water rather than fizzy drinks. Within the school setting we ensure that the child is kept safe and we continuously promote children’s welfare and ensure that we take all ecessary steps to reduce the spread of infection. It is necessary to ensure that the children are kept safe so we need to ensure that the level of staffing is appropriate. The environment in which I work, and the equipment provided for the children, must be appropriate for their age level in order to ensure development at the proper rate. 2. 2 Explain the importance of designing services around the needs of children and young people Children are unique and as a care practitioner it is my responsibility to ensure that every child’s needs are catere d for individually.It is essential to establish what their needs are, so that they can be met correctly and this can be done by liasing with parents, carers, and professionals such as GPs, speech therapists and occupational therapists in observing the child’s progress. 2. 3 Explain the importance of active participation of children and young people in decisions affecting their lives It is important that children have a say in what is happening throughout their lives, no matter what age. We must value the child’s views, thoughts and opinions in order to give the child a sense of belonging and control of their life and well-being.It is important that children learn the process of decision-making and what consequences can come from the decisions they have made and how to deal with them. As a care worker I work with children to try and help them to make the right decisions; if however they choose to make a decision that is not acceptable, for example to hit another child o r throw something, they will be asked to â€Å"take time out† and think about what they have done, only when they are ready to say sorry for their actions are they allowed to come back and join their friends.This process is to help children at an early age learn what is right from wrong. 2. 4 Explain how to support children and young people according to their age, needs and ability to make personal choices and experiences that have a positive impact on their lives Every child is different and as they grow up their needs change. When working with children it is important that we allow them to express their thoughts, views and opinions and most importantly that we listen to them.We may not always agree with their views or opinions but as a classroom assistant I work closely with the children’s parents and the child to try and come to a compromise and explain a different path to the child, always stressing that we are only trying to do what is best for them. 3. 1 Explain the potential impact of disability on the outcomes and life chances of children and young people Children who suffer from a physical impairment or require special requirements are no different than other children, they are just more dependent on their carers.Children may have an impairment which gives rise to disability. A child can have a sensory impairment, which can involve either a loss of hearing or restricted vision. A physical impairment or learning difficulty may occur due to a result of genetic inheritance, an accident or disease or due to complications before or during birth. Some children may have difficulty with emotional or social development, lack of communication and interaction and behaviour problems. Children who experience any of these difficulties often suffer from autism.There are both positive and negative outcomes for children with a disability. Children with physical impairments don’t have a strong immune system therefore their health won’t be as healthy and they may have to miss a lot of school which obviously will have a detrimental effect on their education and future career aspects. Children with a disability can have poor self-esteem as they feel they’re not as capable as other children; they can find it hard to communicate with their peers and may feel isolated and unwanted.As a classroom assistant it is important that my co-workers and I focus on what the children can do rather on what they can’t achieve. By adjusting the environment in which the child learns in and making it suitable for the child’s needs and providing appropriate facilities and resources it allows the child to feel confident and learn new skills. Don’t think of children with a disability or as special needs think of them as children with specific or additional requirements. Within my setting we aim to give all children the same opportunities and ensure that no one feels isolated.For example within my school we have child ren who require 1:1 assistance so instead of removing them from group situations we let them sit at the table with their peers but give them the extra support they need this way they don’t feel left out. 3. 2 Explain the importance of positive attitudes towards disability and specific requirements It is important to display positive attitudes towards children with disabilities and special requirements, so that the child feels valued and respected and doesn’t feel isolated within the class setting.As a care practitioner it is important that I show a positive attitude towards the child and set a good example for the other children. 3. 3 Explain the social and medical models of disability and the impact of each on practice Children with disabilities are often left feeling outcast and discriminated against. The medical model holds the traditional view that a child can be cured through medical intervention, whereas in fact in most cases of physical impairment there is no cu re. They expect disabled people to change to fit into society.Alternatively, the social model of disability looks at ways to address issues which will enable children to achieve their potential by adapting the environment the child is learning and living in so that the child can feel more included. By adapting the child’s environment and removing any barriers you are allowing them the chance to learn and achieve new things, which improves their confidence and self-esteem. 3. 4 Explain the different types of support that are available for disabled children and yond people and those with specific requirements.There are many services available for children with disabilities. Speech and language therapists can work with children to improve the child’s communication skills. Occupational therapists can also be involved in the child’s development by providing walking frames for children with physical impairments. As a classroom assistant we liase with many professional and the children’s parents to ensure they are getting all the appropriate care and assistance available to enhance their development. 4. Explain the meaning of equality, diversity and inclusion in the context of positive outcomes for children and young people It is essential within my school that each child is treated fairly and with respect. Equality is about making sure that each child is given the same chance as each other, it is not about treating everyone the same way, but rather by recognising that each individual has different needs. Children must not be discriminated against because of their race, gender, disability, religious beliefs or age. Diversity is about treating students as individuals.Teachers need to ensure that their methods cover every child’s learning abilities since children come from different religious and cultural backgrounds. It is imperative that we treat students with respect at all times and always give consideration to each individualâ₠¬â„¢s specific needs. Inclusion means ensuring that everyone is included in tasks. As a classroom assistant I make sure that the tasks are divided out equally and that children take turns. We have charts within our class that set out the children’s tasks for that day and we rotate these every day to ensure that no one is left out.Every child has different needs and requirements and it is important as a classroom assistant that I learn and understand each child’s individual needs so that they can be catered for. 4. 2 Compare, giving examples ways in which services for children, young people and their carers take account of and promote equality, diversity and inclusion to promote positive outcomes One of the things that we do within my school is that we teach the children about different cultures. We recently held our annual French Day where both staff and pupils dressed in French clothes and ate French foods such as croissants and crepes.One of the most inspiring moment s that day, was watching a wheelchair bound pupil in my class who loves playing with sand, sitting contentedly in the sand pit (having been helped out of his wheelchair and being supervised so that he didn’t fall) wearing a beret and neckerchief and putting small French flags on top of the sandcastles he made. This was an example of inclusion in practice and just one of the many opportunities my school gives to children to help them gain independence and confidence.

Free Essays on Almost Everyone Does It.

Almost Everyone Does It When it comes to children’s books, there are so many choices. It’s hard to find one that will have a good effect on your children. You want to find books that can entertain as well as inform your kids about life and what is good and or bad and how to distinguish which is which. Taro Gomi, a Japanese author of children’s books, has some of the best ideas on how to get their attention and keep them entertained for a long period of time. In Taro’s book, Everyone Poops, he gives us reasons to celebrate this natural act of every living, breathing, and eating organism. From mammals to reptiles, fish to birds, Taro takes us on an adventure through the different process of â€Å"evacuation† for every species. Everyone Poops is a book that taught millions of children including my self that making a number two is part of life, and it’s okay to do that even if it does smell funny. When I was young and learning how to use the toilet, I never felt comfortable using it for the act of â€Å"number two,† but when my mother noticed this she got the book I consider my childhood bible, Everyone Poops, from a friend who had visited Japan. This book gave me the knowledge of the magic â€Å"number two† and that it was ok to do it. The humorous illustrations and the wording keeps you laughing through the whole thing. The script is both simple and humorous. The book starts off, â€Å"An elephant makes a big poop. A mouse makes a tiny poop. A one-humped camel makes a one humped poop, and a two-humped camel makes a two humped poop.† (Gomi) That’s just the type of humor that kids can understand and laugh about while they learn. It gave me the courage to do it, and I’m sure it did the same for many others. To this day, I owe my bathroom skills to Everyone Poops. I was first introduced to Taro’s work as a young child when it was in its original Japanese text; but the illustrations were enough to get the whole idea, and t... Free Essays on Almost Everyone Does It. Free Essays on Almost Everyone Does It. Almost Everyone Does It When it comes to children’s books, there are so many choices. It’s hard to find one that will have a good effect on your children. You want to find books that can entertain as well as inform your kids about life and what is good and or bad and how to distinguish which is which. Taro Gomi, a Japanese author of children’s books, has some of the best ideas on how to get their attention and keep them entertained for a long period of time. In Taro’s book, Everyone Poops, he gives us reasons to celebrate this natural act of every living, breathing, and eating organism. From mammals to reptiles, fish to birds, Taro takes us on an adventure through the different process of â€Å"evacuation† for every species. Everyone Poops is a book that taught millions of children including my self that making a number two is part of life, and it’s okay to do that even if it does smell funny. When I was young and learning how to use the toilet, I never felt comfortable using it for the act of â€Å"number two,† but when my mother noticed this she got the book I consider my childhood bible, Everyone Poops, from a friend who had visited Japan. This book gave me the knowledge of the magic â€Å"number two† and that it was ok to do it. The humorous illustrations and the wording keeps you laughing through the whole thing. The script is both simple and humorous. The book starts off, â€Å"An elephant makes a big poop. A mouse makes a tiny poop. A one-humped camel makes a one humped poop, and a two-humped camel makes a two humped poop.† (Gomi) That’s just the type of humor that kids can understand and laugh about while they learn. It gave me the courage to do it, and I’m sure it did the same for many others. To this day, I owe my bathroom skills to Everyone Poops. I was first introduced to Taro’s work as a young child when it was in its original Japanese text; but the illustrations were enough to get the whole idea, and t...

How to Treat Complex Phrasal Adjectives

How to Treat Complex Phrasal Adjectives How to Treat Complex Phrasal Adjectives How to Treat Complex Phrasal Adjectives By Mark Nichol Numerous DailyWritingTips.com posts have addressed hyphenation of phrasal adjectives such as â€Å"long range† when they precede a noun, as in â€Å"long-range missile.† But what about when the phrasal adjective includes more than two words? As this post explains, it depends on the interrelationships of those words. The simplest multiword phrasal adjective to construct is one in which a phrase such as â€Å"all or nothing† modifies a noun- simply hyphenate the string of words: â€Å"all-or-nothing ultimatum.† This rule holds true no matter how long the string is, though at a certain point, the writer or editor may decide that it is of a cumbersome length, in which case omitting hyphens and enclosing the string in quotation marks to suggest that the phrasal adjective is spoken will render it more readable, or recasting the sentence may improve clarity. But what if two of the words are already an open or hyphenated compound- a standing phrase that appears in the dictionary as such- or is a proper noun? In either case, the solution is to replace the hyphens linking every word with an en dash (–) linking the compound to an additional word. (An en dash is a symbol usually seen in number ranges, as in â€Å"The room accommodates 25–50 people depending on seating arrangement† or â€Å"Jones lived 1911–1987.†) This usage is clear when employed with proper nouns, as in â€Å"San Francisco ­Ã¢â‚¬â€œbased company† (as opposed to the absurd alternative â€Å"San-Francisco-based company†), where based obviously relates to â€Å"San Francisco,† not just Francisco, but it is also used in such constructions as â€Å"open standards–based solutions,† where â€Å"open standards† is a well-known phrase. The risk in such usage is that readers will not recognize that the en dash is distinct from a hyphen and will (mis)understand the phrase to mean â€Å"standards-based solutions that are open.† This risk is exacerbated by the fact that the Associated Press Style Book, in its sometimes-misguided quest to simplify symbols, calls for a hyphen rather than an en dash in phrases like this, which could lead to such confusion. Another option is to use the hyphen-string approach in such phrases as â€Å"think-tank-inspired policies† (instead of â€Å"think tank–inspired policies†) or â€Å"soft-drink-soaked shirt† (rather than â€Å"soft drink–soaked shirt†), but better yet, try the more relaxed syntax presented, for example, in â€Å"policies inspired by think tanks† and â€Å"shirt soaked with a soft drink.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Types of Narrative ConflictLoan, Lend, Loaned, LentDealing With A Character's Internal Thoughts

Management And Organization In The Retail Industry Assignment

Management And Organization In The Retail Industry - Assignment Example Wal-Mart is one of the largest retail companies in the country has recorded the highest profits in the past year. Its founder, Sam Walton opened his first Wal-Mart store in the year 1962 (Archtmeyer, 2003). Walton was a major influence in the retail industry when it comes to using technology, for example, Wal-Mart was one of the first retail stores to introduce bar codes, which automated inventory control. Wal-Mart was also one of the first companies to introduce satellite inventory tracking systems.Companies in this industry use different organizational structures, but the divisional structure is the most common (Galbraith, 2002). The divisional structure is made up of different divisions spread out over a geographical area but under one corporation. The divisional organizational structure is also seen in some of the other retail companies like Nordstrom and Amazon. Nordstrom and Amazon are two of the major competitors in the retail marketing industry, rated as some of the top compa nies in the industry. Small-scale retailing companies use the simple structure as their organizational structure. The simple structure is a design that is less formal, lowly departmentalized and has a centralized authority. In the retail marketing industry, sales and marketing personnel make up the majority of the workforce in the retail industry. This is because the main purpose of a retail company is to sell goods and services to consumers, and the only way to increase revenue is to have more sales.

Impact of the Great War on Modern Western Literature Essay

Impact of the Great War on Modern Western Literature - Essay Example Self-awareness and politics became a more popular theme in literature. In Christine Stansell's American Moderns, she accounts how "it gained momentum with a call to arms that echoed earlier campaigns for literary realism waged by Howell and Twain" during the 1910s (148). Personally, I am instantly inspired to write whenever I experience unfortunate instances in life. I don't know but perhaps it is the sad occurrence and the lesson learned from it that drives a writer to start scribbling on a piece of paper or pounding on the computer keyboard. In most cases, literary works reflect the writer's mood at the moment he wrote the piece. During the First World War, stories of starvation abound on the streets. Children in less developed countries die of hunger because the leaders who are supposed to take care of their welfare have joined the Great War. Families of soldiers feel more fear and longing as the war progresses. These terrifying experiences and the idealism gained from the Great War have inspired many writers, veteran and amateur alike. Even the soldiers who survived the war wrote their own memoir to enable the public to, at least, take a glimpse inside the army camp or at the battlefield. Thus, answering the call for realism in literature - the kind of literary piece that discriminating readers like to read as they also long for information. Stansell further puts it that "serious American readers who came of age just as modernist prose was exploding in Europe formed their notions of new literature not from stylistic and narrative innovation but from a realist tradition that dwelt on contraband subject matter" (161). In turn, the "American writers saw their task as telling the truth of modern life, an act that, in their minds, amounted to revolutionary realism" (Stansell 161). Apart from this, people became more aware of their religiosity. To some, the Great War gave them the chilling sensation of what it would be like during the Judgment Day. T.S. Elliot's The Hollow Men, for instance, depicts the feeling of a dead man who has nowhere to go to: Is it like this In death's other kingdom Waking alone At the hour when we are Trembling with tenderness Lips that would kiss Form prayers to broken stone (Elliot). However, for me, this poem depicts the sense of emptiness in a person who fought a war that has claimed many lives and destroyed communities. Though Elliot did not go to the battlefield himself, somehow he has experienced the battle as he transferred to the United Kingdom on 1914 - the time when WWI is brewing. William Butler Yeats' The Second Coming has a religious or spiritual connotation as well: Surely some revelation is at hand; Surely the Second Coming is at hand. The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out When a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi (Yeats). However, Yeats actually refers to a new phase in every man's life, particularly a life after a revolution. Certain meaning to specific phrase in the poem is offered in the website http://www.stfrancis.edu/en/yeats!.htm. Indeed, the First World War or the Great War, although not well remembered as the Second World War, has made a considerable turning point in every man's life. The controversies and the lessons learned from the war made an important impact among the writers and the readers craving for a realist literature. This important change in Modern Western Literature is still used up to this time

Weekly response paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Weekly response paper - Assignment Example Reflecting on both John May articles Sensing: Preliminary Notes on the Emergence of Statistical-Mechanical Geographic Vision and logic of managerial surface, it is clear that the significance of technology cannot be underestimated. Both in their military application, scientific emergence, and modern managerial posture has played a significant role. In Mays logic of managerial surface helps to think about how technology has played an important role in making us realize the sudden need for successful management (May, "Logic" 6). It also helps in decision about conceptual change, particularly in environmental management distancing ourselves from previous practices that failed to foresee consequences of design. Likewise, Sensing: Preliminary Notes on the Emergence of Statistical-Mechanical Geographic vision gives important insight on how we see things. The article also discusses statistical probability and how its relationship with logic of reduction and abstraction and their roles in ge ological science such as thermal imaging and mapping to what we see (May, "Preliminary" 43). Looking back at our earlier readings, on how technology has helped in the advancement of weapons and infrastructures, and others. Technology is largely responsible for the sense of stability of life in the world. Technology confers with the ability to increase a reflexive character of modernity and constitute a fundamental feature of the managerial surface. The environment produced by the technology is more aware catastrophic tendencies since they are prescribed to compensate for failures. Technology can regulate temperatures, light, water, and so on. However, the duration of contentions rests on geographical concepts that are rooted in modern technologies and analytical and inferential approaches in the geography practice. Using a technical framework, it is clear that the

Acid Leaching for Metallic Impurities

Acid Leaching for Metallic Impurities Acid Leaching for Metallic Impurities Evaluation of Some Mineral Ores in Nigeria *R.L. Tyohemba1 S. K. Emgba2 Abstract There is every need to access the impurity ratio of mineral ores in order to furnish investors and industrialists with information required to weigh the gains of venturing into their exploration. Metallic ores including; Zinc ore (Sphalerite), Iron ore (Magnetite), Iron ore (Heamatite), Copper ore (chalcocite), Lead ore (Galena) and gypsum were obtained from the National Geological Survey Kaduna. The ore samples were grounded and digested with aqua regia solution to leach their metallic constituents using standard method. The main metallic components of the ores viz: Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb and Ca were determined by the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Biotech FAAS Phoenix 986) alongside their associated impurities. Galena (Lead ore) recorded the highest metallic impurity content of about 28.64 % and was followed by Sphalerite with about 6.31 % metallic impurities. The other ores recorded Zn>Mg>Ni>Pb. The impurity content of heamatite and magnetite were of the same trend in the orde r Mn>Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb. However, heamatite recorded higher Fe content than magnetite. Galena contained 534.50 mg/Kg (71.36 %) lead content with its associated impurities present in the order Zn>Mn>Cu>Cd. Sphalerite contained 8362.22 mg/Kg (93.69 %) as zinc while its associated impurities were present in the order of Cu>Fe>Ca>Mn>Pb. In gypsum, its Calcium content was (97.15 %) with its associated metallic impurities in the order Mg>Fe>K>Cr>Pb. The studied ores had a very high level of their major metallic constituents with only Galena which had a high level of impurities. Thus these ores could be good feedstock to mine their principal components. 1.1 INTRODUCTION Nigeria is richly endowed with a variety of mineral resources, fossil fuelsand solid minerals ranging from precious metals, various stones to industrial minerals such as Lead(Pb), Feldspar(xAl(Al,Si)3O8), ron magnetite(Fe3O4), iron hematite(Fe2O3), gypsum(CaSO4.2H2O),copper(Cu), Kaolinite(Al2O5(OH)4Si), Zinc(Zn), Limestone(caco3) e. t. c. Most of these are yet to be exploited. Statistically, the level of exploitation of these minerals is very low in relation to the extent of deposits found in the country. The presence of impurities in ores is inevitable due the nature of their occurrence. Impurities in minerals may be caused by simple admixtures or by crystal chemical substitutions [1]. Impurities are often responsible for colour changes. Natural impurities are common in minerals, as is the propensity for one element to slip into the crystalline structure in place of some other element. Exchanges of these forms do not cause a modification in mineral name as long as the replacements m ake up only a small proportion of the entire structure. Oxides nodules of Ni, Co and Cu have been found to occur in lattices of iron and manganese [2]. Associated impurities of zinc(II) such as lead, iron, Copper, Silver etc., contained in are said to be found present in Nigerian sphalerite mineral[3]. The high manganese content of the sphaleritesleave them incongruous for processing by conventional smeltingtechniques, facilitating the inevitability to design and construct an onsiterefinery that is specifically suited for Gamsberg ores and concentrates [4]. Naturally occurringsphalerite commonly incorporates variable concentrations ofimpurities (e.g. Fe, Cd, Mn, Cu, Co, Ni, Ge, In) that substitute zincin lattice sites. For example, FeS concentrations can range up to25 mol. %, while MnSseldom reaches up to 14 mol.%. Consequently,the high extent of stoichiometric inconsistency observedhas a marked effect on the processing, as high levels of theseimpurities in some zinc concentrates, i.e. Gamsberg, renders themunsuitable for processing by tr aditional operations.Copper is associated with basemetals such as nickel and cobalt. Studies have also been carried out on representative samples of Kà ¼re (Turkey) where massive rich copper ore were leached in acidic ferric sulfate solutions in order to recover copper and its associated metals (Zn, Co, Ni) present in the ore[5].The minerals of lead and zinc are naturally associated with eachOther.In many parts of the world, significant deposits of these mixedsulphide–oxide lead and zinc ores are found with the main sulphideand/or oxidised ore bodies. Because of their complex mineralogy,these ores are very difficult to deal with from a mineral processingpoint of view and they are very often left untreated as a result of themetallurgical difficulties encountered in extracting lead and zincfrom them. Although the primary sources of the metals are leadand zinc concentrates from sulphide and oxidised ores, as suppliesof these deplete, the processing of mixed ores must be considered[6]. Also, the lead-zinc ore from a mine is featured by complicated copper-lead-zin c intergrowth and uneven dissemination size. Besides, the minerals containing copper activate by nature the mineral containing zinc, causing difficulty of separation of copper, lead and zinc minerals [7].There also published data on the presence of metallic impurities including; Fe, Se, Mg, Al, Si, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, La, Ce, Nd and Y which were removed from desulpurized gypsum [8]. Hayward and Quincy [9] developed a method for the treatment of iron ores containing impurities such as aluminium, silicon, chromium, nickel and cobalt from iron ores of the type which contain nickel in excess of 0.25% and chromium in excess of 0.5%, such as for example those ores found in Cuba known as Mayari ores. The impurities which are present in all iron ores such as sulphur, phosphorus, manganese and silicon appear in iron and steel made there from. Such impurities are generally undesirable in iron alloys, but it has not been possible to remove them completely, and only high grade iron ores are used at present in the production of iron. For this reason, various low grade iron ores have been wholly rejected, either because of their high contents of the impurities mentioned or because they contain varying amounts of base metals [10]. These bulks of impurities mentioned in the essay have obvious unattractive characteristics that will increase the cost of mineral processing. There exist speculations that mineral ores in Nigeria are characterized by high levels of impurities. It then becomes imperative to access these mineral ores and their impurity ratios to furnish investors and industrialists with information that will help to estimate cost of production as well as to find suitable methods applicable for their purification. 2.1 METHODOLOGY 2.1.1 Sample Collection and Preparation Mineral ores including; Zinc ore (Sphalerite ZnS), Iron ore (Magnetite – Fe3O4), Iron ore (Heamatite (Fe2O3)), Copper ore (chalcocite Cu2S)), and Lead (Galena-PbS) were obtained from the National Geological Survey Kaduna. The samples were stored in the laboratory for the study. The ore samples were grounded using a porcelain mortar and pistol sieved and digested to leach their metallic constituents using the procedure described below. 2.1.2 Acid leaching of ore samples for metallic content determination. This was carried out as described by the ISO (1998)procedure [11]. 1g of the grounded air dried ore sample was transferred into a 250 ml reaction vessel (Teflon digestion bomb). 10ml of the mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid in a ration of 1:3 (aqua regia) was added unto the reaction vessel containing 1g of dried sample and heated using hot plate inside a fume hood until white fume was observed and allowed to cool. The reaction vessel was allowed to stand so that most of any insoluble residue settles out of suspension. The relatively sediment-free extract was decanted carefully onto a filter paper, collecting the filtrate in a 100 ml volumetric flask. All the initial filtrate was allowed to pass through the filter paper, and the insoluble residue was washed onto the filter paper with a minimum amount of nitric acid (0.5 mol/l). The filtrate so collected was collected alongside the initial filtrate and the volume of the flask was made up to mark with deionized water. The extract thus prepared was ready for the determination of the studied metals, by an atomic absorption spectrometer (Biotech FAAS Phoenix 986). 3.1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1.1 Metallic Content of Copper Ore (Chalcocite). The result of metallic content of copper ore is presented in table 1. The concentration of copper in the ore was found to be 10341.73 (mgkg-1) representing about 97.7% of its metallic content covered by this work. Other metallic constituents which are considered to be impurities were also found present. Hence, Ca (99.65 (mgkg-1), Mg (63.89 mgkg-1), Ni (9.38 mgkg-1), Pb (1.99 mgkg-1) and Zn (73.26 mgkg-1) in the order Ca>Zn>Mg>Ni>Pb. These metallic ions exists in their +2 oxidation states as copper and could replace the Cu2+ in its lattice sites. In a similar work by [5], massive rich copper ore was leached in acidic ferric sulphate solutions and was able to recover copper and its associated metals (Zn, Co and Ni). Table 1 Metallic content of Copper ore (mg/Kg) 3.1. 2. Metallic content of the studied Iron ores (Heamatite and Magnetite) Presented in table 2 are the available metallic contents of the studied iron ores. The mount of iron in the heamatite ore was found to be 6488.19 mgkg-1, representing (97.3) % of the total metallic content evaluated in the study. The iron content of magnetite was 5571.81 mgkg-1, representing 96.99%. However, an interesting trend was observed in the variation in the amount of metallic impurities which were found present in these iron ores. Both heamatite and magnetite varied in their level of impurities in the order Mn>Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb. Oxides nodules of Ni, Co and Cu have been found elsewhere to occur in lattices of iron and manganese ores [2]. Hayward and Quincy [9] had already identified impurities such as Aluminium, Silicon, Chromium, Nickel and cobalt from iron ores of the type which contained nickel in excess of 0.25%. The values reported in this study for both iron ores are lower in nickel content than those recorded above (0.21 and 0.18) % nickel for heamatite and magnetite respect ively. As earlier stated in literature, iron alloys are generally undesirable but it has not been possible to remove them completely, and only high grade iron ores are used at present in the production of iron. For this reason, various low grade iron ores have been wholly rejected, either because of their high contents of the impurities mentioned or because they contain varying amounts of base metals [10]. From the results presented in this study, Nigerian iron ores are of high iron content with very minimal impurity content in the ratio of (1:35 and 1:32) iron to metallic impurities content of heamatite and magnetite. Table 2 Metallic content of iron ores (HeamatiteMagnetite) (mg/Kg) **H: Heamatite **M: Magnetite 3.1. 3 Metallic Content of Lead Ore (Galena) The recorded amount of Pb in the galena ore was 534.50 mgkg-1, representing (71.36) % Pb content of the studied metallic components. Also, other metallic components considered to be impurities including; Cadmium, Copper, Manganese and Zinc were found present in the ore as presented in table 4 in the order Zn>Mn>Cu>Cd. The metallic impurities of Zn and Mn were present in relatively large amounts. (i.e. 14.21 and 12.85) %. The minerals of Lead and zinc are naturally associated with each other. In many parts of the world, significant deposits of these mixed sulphide-oxide lead and zinc ores are found with the main sulphide and/or oxidized ore bodies. Because of their complex mineralogy, these are very difficult to deal with from mineral processing point of view and they are very often left untreated as a result of the metallurgical difficulties encountered in extracting lead and zinc from them [6]. Table 4. Metallic content of Lead ore (mg/Kg) 3.1.4 Metallic Content of Zinc ore(Sphalerite) The results are found in table 5. Zinc content was determined to be 8362.22 mgkg-1 (93.69) % of the ore’s metallic content studied. Other metallic components which are considered to be common impurities associated with zinc ores were also found present in the other Cu>Fe>Ca>Mn>Pb. The occurrence of zinc with such impurities has earlier been reported in the previous session. Table 5. Metallic content of Zinc ore (mg/Kg) 3.1.5 Metallic content of gypsum Heiska (2011) have reported the presence of metallic impurities including; Fe, Se, Mg, Al, Si, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, La, Ce, Nd and Y in gypsum. As presented in table 6, the main metallic component of gypsum which is calcium was evaluated to be 9921.03 mgkg-1, representing 97.15 % of the total metallic content of the studied metals. Other metals such as Cr, Fe, Mg, K and Pb were found present in the acid leached mineral in the order Mg>Fe>K>Cr>Pb. The dominance of Mg as an impurity in this ore is much expected as the metal ion (Mg2+) is known to occur in areas where there calcium deposits exchanging at its lattice and together causing water hardness. Table 6. Metallic content of Gypsum ore (mg/Kg) 3.1.6 Main metal component and impurities ratios of studied ores In table 7 and fig. 2, the summary of these ratios are presented. Lead ore had the highest level of total metallic impurities recording about 28.69 % as impurities in its ore. Others had low metallic impurities in them. Zinc ore recorded less than 10 % as metallic impurities. On the other hand, metallic impurities in copper, heamatite, magnetite and gypsum were less than 5 %. Table 7.Metal/metallic impurity ratios of studied ores. Fig.2 Metal/metallic impurity ratios of studied ores 4.1. Conclusion The analysis of metallic content of some of the Nigerian mineral ores presented from the result indicates that the studied metallic ores are rich in their principal metallic constituent. The only exception observed is the high impurity content of galena (Lead ore). All the other mineral ores had a little percentage of metallic impurities in them. It is gain saying that these raw materials could serve as very rich industrial feedstock that will require little processing and thus serve cost. The high Zinc and Manganese content of the galena is disadvantageous in terms of the metallurgical process that will be required to recover the major metallic content as well as the appreciable contents of the other metals which are equally of industrial importance. REFERENCES [1] Smykatz-kloss, W. Determination of impurities in minerals by means of Standard Differential Thermal Analysis, â€Å" Purity Determination by Thermal Methods, ASTM STP 838, R.L Blaines C.K. Schoff, Eds., American society for Test and Materials, 1984, 121-137. [2] Zhang, W and Cheng, C. Y. (2007). Manganese metallurgy review. Part I: Leaching of ores/secondarymaterials and recovery of electrolytic/chemical manganese dioxide. Hydrometallurgy 89 (2007) 137–159. [3] Alafara,A. B and Folahan, A. A (2011).Beneficiation of a Nigerian sphalerite mineral: Solvent extraction of zinc byCyanex ®272 in hydrochloric acid. Hydrometallurgy, Hydrometallurgy 109 (2011):187–193. [4] McClung, C. R. and Viljoen, F (2011). A detailed mineralogical assessment of sphalerites from the Gamsberg zincdeposit, South Africa: The manganese conundrumMinerals Engineering 24 (2011) 930–938. [5] Arslan, F, Bulut, M. Olgaà §Kangal, K. TahsinPerek, AlimGà ¼lSebahattinGà ¼rmen (2004). Studies on leaching of massive rich copper ore in acidic ferric sulfate solutions. Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy 33(1):6-14. [6] Olubambi, P.A., Ndlovu, S., Potgieter, J.H. and Borode, J.O. (2008).Mineralogical characterization of Ishiagu (Nigeria) complex sulphide ore.Int. J. Miner. Process. 87 (2008) 83–89. [7]Ma, J., Ren, J. and Yuan, L (2008). Flotation experimental research of multi-metal sulphide ore. Northwest Geological Research Institute of Non-ferrous metallic ores, Xian 710054, China. [8] Heiska, P (2011). Methods of purifying gypsum. US Patent 20110044883. [9] Hayward, C.R. and Quincy, M (1948). Treatment of iron ore containing impurities including nickel and chromium. US patent. No.45862. New York. [10] Meyer, R. (1931). Process of Beneficiating iron ores. US Patent. Series No.527367. New York. [11] ISO 11047. 1998. Soil Quality – Determination of cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese nickel and zinc. Flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric methods.International Organization for Standardization. Geneva, Switzerland. 6 p. (available at www.iso.ch).

Role of Immigrants in the American Civil War :: American America History

Role of Immigrants in the American Civil War For minorities, as for other Americans, the Civil War was an opportunity to prove their valor and loyalty. Among the first mustered into the Union Army were a De Kalb regiment of German American clerks, the Garibakdi Guards made up of Italian Americans, a "Polish Legion," and hundreds of Irish American youths form Boston and New York. But in Ohio and Washington, D.C., African American volunteers were turned away from recruiting stations and told, "This is a white man's war." Some citizens questioned the loyalty of immigrants who lived in crowded city tenements until an Italian American from Brooklyn turned that around. In the New York Senate, Democrat Francis Spinola had been a vigorous foe of Republican policies and Lincoln. But now he swore his loyalty with stirring words, "This is my flag, which I will follow and defend." This speech gave great assurance that the masses in the great cities were devoted to the Union and ready to enlist for its defense. More than 400,000 European immigrants fought for the Union, including more than 170,00 Germans and more than 150,00 Irish. Many saw their services as a proud sacrifice. The first officer to die for the Union was Captain Constatin Blandowski, one of many immigrants who earlier had fought for freedom in Europe and then joined Lincoln's army. Born in Upper Silesia and trained at Dresden, Germany, he was a veteran of democratic struggles - a Polish revolt at Krakow, the Polish Legion's battles against Austria, and the Hungarian fight for independence. Some nationalities contributed more than their share of Union soldiers. Some immigrants earned the Congressional Medal of Honor. Italian American officer Louis di Cesnola, was the Colonel of the 4th Cavalry Regiment. At Aldie, Virginia, in 1863, he earned the Medal of Honor and was appointed a general. He charged unarmed at the foe, read his citation, "rallied his men ...until desperately wounded and taken prisoner in action." In 1879 Cesnola became director of New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art. The museum then became, wrote a critic, "a monument to his energy, enterprise, and rare executive skill." Italian American privates also won the Medal of Honor. Joseph Sova of the 8th Cavalry earned it for capturing the Confederate flag at Appomattox. Private Orlando Caruana of the 51st Infantry won it at